Nūhou

ʻO Surge protector, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he pale uila, he mea uila e hāʻawi i ka pale palekana no nā mea uila like ʻole, nā mea kani, a me nā laina kamaʻilio. hiki i ka mea pale ke alakaʻi a hoʻoneʻe i ka manawa pōkole loa, i mea e pale ai i ka piʻi ʻana mai ka hōʻino ʻana i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe o ke kaapuni. kahi āpau ma waena o lākou, ua pili kekahi i ka laina mana L1 a i ʻole laina kūʻokoʻa (N) o ka mea pale e koi ʻia Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopili ʻia kekahi koʻokoʻo metala i ka uwea kumu (PE). Ke paʻi ka overvoltage koke, ua haki ka āpau, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka overvoltage i loko o ka lepo, e pale ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka volta ma nā mea i pale ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ka mamao ma waena o nā koʻokoʻo metala ʻelua i ka lua e like me ka mea e pono ai. , a he mea maʻalahi ka hale, akā ʻo ka hemahema ʻo ia ka hana ʻino o ka hana hoʻopau ʻana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna hana hoʻopau arc ma mua o ka mua. Ke hilinaʻi nei ia i ka mana uila F o ke kaapuni a me ka hopena piʻi aʻe o ke kahe ʻana o ka ea wela e kinai i ke arc.
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea i ʻelua mau papa cathode anu i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai kekahi i kekahi a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi paipu aniani a i ʻole ka pahu seramika i hoʻopiha ʻia me kahi kinoea inert (Ar). he mea hoʻoulu kōkua i loko o ka pahu hoʻokuʻu. ʻO nā palena ʻenehana o ka paipu hoʻokuʻu kinoea ka mea nui: DC discharge voltage Udc; impulse discharge voltage Piʻi (maʻa mau Up≈(2～3) Udc; mana alapine (frequency frequency) ʻO kēia manawa In; ka hopena a me ka Ip o kēia manawa; ke kūʻokoʻa insulation R (>109Ω); ka mana inter-electrode (1-5PF). Ke kinoea Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia ka paipu hoʻokuʻu ma lalo o nā kūlana DC a me AC. ʻO ka Udc hoʻokuʻu DC i kohoʻia e like me kēia: E hoʻohana ma lalo o nā kūlana DC: Udc≥1.8U0 (U0 ka mana DC no ka hana laina maʻamau) E hoʻohana ma lalo o nā kūlana AC: U dc≥ 1.44Un (Un ka waiwai kūpono o ka volta AC no ka hana laina maʻamau) Hoʻokumu ʻia ka varistor ma ZnO Ma ke ʻano he mea nui o ka metal oxide semiconductor non-linear resistance, i ka wā i hoʻopili ʻia ai ka uila i kona mau wēlau ʻelua i kahi waiwai. ʻO ke kū'ēʻana he mea maʻalahi loa ia i ka voltage. Ua like kona kumumanaʻo hana me ka moʻo a me ka pili like o nā PN semiconductor he nui. ʻO nāʻano o nā varistors he lainaʻoleʻO nā hiʻohiʻona linearity maikaʻi (I = non-linear coefficient α i CUα), nui kēia manawa kaha (~ 2KA/cm2), liʻiliʻi maʻamau makahiki o keia manawa (10-7～10-6A), ha'aha'a koena voltage (e pili ana i ka hana o ka varistor Voltage a me ka hiki o keia manawa), ka manawa pane wikiwiki i ka overvoltage transient (~ 10-8s), aohe kaa. ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻenehana o ka varistor ka mea nui: varistor voltage (ʻo ia hoʻi ka uila hoʻololi) UN, reference voltage Ulma; koena uila Ures; ke koena volley ratio K (K=Ures/UN); ka nui o kēia manawa Imax; leakage au; manawa pane. ʻO nā kūlana hoʻohana o ka varistor he: varistor voltage: UN≥[(√2×1.2) / 0.7] Uo (Uo ka helu helu o ka mana alapine o ka ʻenehana) Ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi reference voltage: Ulma ≥ (1.8 ~ 2) Uac (hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana DC) Ulma ≥ (2.2 ~ 2.5) Uac (hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana AC, ʻo Uac ka uila hana AC) Pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ka volta kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe o ka varistor e ka mana kūʻokoʻa o ka mea uila i pale ʻia, a me ke koena o ka uila ʻo ka varistor e haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka pae uila pohō o ka mea uila i pale ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi (Ulma) max≤Ub/K, ʻo ka ʻōlelo ma luna o K ʻo ke koena o ka voltage ratio, ʻo Ub ka pōʻino o nā lako pale.
ʻO ka diode Suppressor ka hana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka uila. Hana ia ma ka ʻāpana hoʻohaʻahaʻa hope. Ma muli o kona haʻahaʻa puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu a me ka pane wikiwiki ʻana, kūpono loa ia no nā pae hope loa o ka pale ʻana i nā kaapuni pale lehulehu. element. Hiki ke hoike ia na ano volt-ampere o ka diode hoopau i ka mahele wawahi ma ke ano penei: I=CUα, kahi o α ka huina laina ole, no ka diode Zener α=7～9, ma ka diode avalanche α= 5～7. ʻO ka diode hoʻopau ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻenehana nui: ⑴ Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka uila hoʻohaʻahaʻa, e pili ana i ka puʻupuʻu haʻihaʻi ma lalo o ke kaha hoʻihoʻi i ʻike ʻia (ma ka maʻamau lma). E like me ka Zener diode, ʻo ka helu helu haʻihaʻi uila ma ke ʻano o 2.9V～4.7V , A ʻo ka helu haʻihaʻi helu o nā avalanche diodes pinepine ma waena o 5.6V a 200V.⑵Maximum clamping voltage: E pili ana i ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻike ʻia ka uila ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka paipu i ka wā e hala ai ke au nui o ke ʻano nalu i ʻōlelo ʻia. ma lalo o ka nalu o kēia manawa (e like me 10/1000μs) Pono e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kēia voli hoʻoneʻe hope ma mua o ka volta hana kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōnaehana uila i pale ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele i loko o kahi kūlana conduction nāwaliwali ke hana maʻamau ka ʻōnaehana. ʻo ka ʻoi loa o ka huli ʻana e kahe ana i loko o ka paipu ma lalo o ka hana o ka uila hoʻoneʻe hoʻohuli. Loaʻa iā ia he ʻelua coils o ka nui like a me ka helu like o nā huli i ʻeha symmetrically ma ka ferrite hoʻokahi Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi mea ʻehā-terminal ma ke kino toroidal kino, a he hopena suppressive i ka inductance nui o ke ʻano maʻamau. hōʻailona, ​​akā, he liʻiliʻi ka hopena i ka liʻiliʻi leakage inductance no ka hōʻailona ʻokoʻa. laina. Pono e hoʻokō ka coil choke i kēia mau koi i ka wā o ka hana ʻana: 1) Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā uea i ʻeha ma ka core coil mai kekahi i kekahi i mea e hōʻoia ai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale pōkole ma waena o nā huli o ka coil ma lalo o ka hana o ka overvoltage koke. 2) Ke kahe nui ka au i ka wili, aole pono e hoopiha ia ke kumu magnetic. wili no ka pale ʻana i ka haʻihaʻi ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ma lalo o ka hana o ka overvoltage transient.4) Pono e ʻeha ka coil i kahi papa hoʻokahi e like me ka hiki. Hiki i kēia ke hoʻemi i ka capacitance parasitic o ka coil a hoʻonui i ka hiki o ka coil ke kū i ka overvoltage koke. nā nalu a me ke kumumanaʻo nalu kū o ka antenna a me ka mea hānai. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pahu kaapuni pōkole metala i loko o kēia mea pale e pili ana i ka hōʻailona hana ʻO ke alapine (e like me 900MHZ a i ʻole 1800MHZ) e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka nui o ka hawewe 1/4. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pā pōkole like ʻole ka impedance palena ʻole no ka ke alapine o ka hōʻailona hana, ua like ia me kahi kaapuni hāmama a ʻaʻole pili i ka lawe ʻana i ka hōʻailona. Eia naʻe, no nā hawewe uila, no ka mea, ua māhele nui ʻia ka ikehu uila ma lalo o n + KHZ, ʻo kēia pahu pōkole ʻO ka impedance hawewe uila he liʻiliʻi loa ia, ʻo ia ka mea e like me kahi pōkole pōkole, a ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka pae ikehu uila i ka honua. ʻO ke anawaena o ka pahu kaapuni pōkole 1/4-lōʻihi he mau millimeters, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena o kēia manawa, hiki ke piʻi aku ma mua o 30KA (8/20μs), a he liʻiliʻi loa ke koena uila. Hoʻokumu nui ʻia kēia koena uila e ka inductance ponoʻī o ka pahu kaapuni pōkole. ʻO ka hemahema ʻo ia ka liiki o ka mana alapine, a ʻo ka bandwidth ma kahi o 2% a 20%. ʻO kahi hemahema ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui i kahi DC bias i ka hale hānai antenna, e kaupalena ana i kekahi mau noi.

ʻO ka pale hierarchical o nā mea pale hoʻoulu (i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā mea pale uila) pale hierarchical No ka mea he nui loa ka ikehu o ka uila, pono e hoʻokuʻu mālie i ka ikehu o ka uila i ka honua ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu hierarchical. ʻO ka uila pae mua. Hiki i ka mea pale ke hoʻokuʻu pololei i ka uila, a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka ikehu nui i hana ʻia ke pā pololei ʻia ka laina uila e ka uila. No nā wahi e hiki ai ke kuʻi pololei i ka uila, pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka pale uila CLASS-I. ʻO ka lua o ka pae uila uila he mea pale no ke koena o ka uila o ka mea pale uila mua a me ka uila i hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi. . Ke hiki mai ka ikehu o ka uila i ka pae mua, aia nō kekahi ʻāpana o ka lako a i ʻole ke kolu o ka ʻāpana pale uila. He mea nui loa ia o ka ikehu e hoʻoili ʻia, a pono e hoʻopili hou ʻia e ka mea pale uila uila lua. electromagnetic pulse radiation LEMP. Ke lōʻihi ka laina, e nui ka ikehu o ka uila i hoʻokomo ʻia, a ʻo ka lua o ka pae uila e koi ʻia e hoʻokuʻu hou i ka ikehu uila. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka pae mua o ka pale ʻana, ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka uila mai ka LPZ0 zone a i ka LPZ1 zone, a e kaupalena i ka piʻi ʻana o nā ʻumi kaukani a hiki i nā haneli haneli. volts a hiki i 2500-3000V.The mana surge pale i hoʻokomo 'ia ma ka haʻahaʻa-voltage aoao o ka home mana transformer pono he ekolu-phase voltage kuapo-type mana surge pale e like me ka mua pae o ka pale, a me kona uwila kahe ana e pono ole e. liʻiliʻi ma mua o 60KA. ʻO kēia pae o ka pale ʻana i ka mana o ka mana e pono ke lilo i ka mana nui o ka mana e hoʻopili ʻia ma waena o kēlā me kēia māhele o ka laina e hiki mai ana o ka lako mana o ka mea hoʻohana. ystem a me ka lepo. Ua koi maʻamau i kēia pae o ka mana surge protector i ka nui o ka hopena o ka nui ma mua o 100KA no kēlā me kēia māhele, a ʻo ke kaha palena palena i emi iho ma mua o 1500V, i kapa ʻia ʻo CLASS I power surge protector. ʻO kēia mau uila electromagnetic. Ua hoʻolālā kūikawā ʻia nā mea pale e pale aku i nā au nui o ka uila a me ka uila i hoʻoulu ʻia a no ka huki ʻana i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka nui o nā au i ka honua. ʻO ka laina i ka wā e kahe ai ka mana o ke au i ka mana hoʻopaʻapaʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo ka palena volta), no ka mea, ʻo nā mea pale o CLASS I ka mea e hoʻopili nui i nā ʻau nalu nui. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale pono i nā lako uila koʻikoʻi i loko o ka ʻōnaehana mana. ʻO ka mea hopu uila uila ka pae mua e hiki ke pale i ka 10 / 350μs, 100KA ka nalu uila, a hiki i ke kūlana palekana kiʻekiʻe loa i kuhikuhi ʻia e IEC. ʻO ka ʻike loea: ʻoi aku ka nui a i ʻole like me 100KA (10/350μs); ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke koena voltage ma mua o 2.5KV; ʻo ka manawa pane ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 100ns. ʻO ke kumu o ka pae ʻelua o ka pale ʻana e hoʻonui i ka waiwai o ke koena o ka puʻu uila e hele ana ma ka pae mua o ka hopu uila i 1500-2000V, a hoʻokō i ka pilina equipotential no LPZ1- ʻO LPZ2. ʻO ka mana hoʻokuʻu ʻana mai ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa ka mana e hoʻokaʻawale i ka mana e like me ka lua o ka pale o ka pale, a ʻaʻole pono e emi iho kona mana uila ma mua o 20KA. Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka substation e hoʻolako i ka mana i nā mea uila koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi paha. ʻO ke keʻena o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke alanui. ʻO kēia mau mea uila uila e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi i ke koena o ka ikehu ʻana i hala ma ka puka o ka mea hoʻohana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka overvoltage transient. o 45kA a oi aku paha no ka mahele, a e emi iho ka volta palena palena malalo o 1200V. Kapaʻiaʻo ia he CLASS Ⅱ power surge protector. Hiki i ka mea hoʻohana maʻamau ke hoʻokō i ka pale o ka pae lua e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka hana o nā mea uila. ʻO ka lua o ka mana lako uila hopu hopu lawe i ka C-type pale no ka phase-center, phase-earth a me ka waena-honua holoʻokoʻa mode pale, ka mea nui ʻO nā ʻenehana ʻenehana: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka uila i kēia manawa ma mua a i like paha me 40KA (8/ 20μs); ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke koena o ka volta peak ma mua o 1000V; ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka manawa pane ma mua o 25ns.

ʻO ke kumu o ke kolu o ka pae o ka pale ʻana ʻo ia ke ala hope loa o ka pale ʻana i nā mea hana, e hōʻemi ana i ke kumukūʻai o ke koena o ka puʻu uila ma lalo o 1000V, i ʻole e hoʻopōʻino ka ikaika o ka piʻi ʻana i nā lako. o ka AC mana lako o ka uila 'ike lako pono e ka moʻo voltage-palena mana surge pale e like me ke kolu o ka pae o ka pale, a me kona uwila hiki i keia manawa, aole e emi malalo o 10KA. Ka hope laina o ka pale hiki ke hoʻohana i ka mana kūkulu. ʻO ka mea hoʻomalu uila i hoʻohanaʻia maʻaneʻi e koi i ka mana o ka 20KA a iʻole ka liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia māhele, aʻo ka volta palena palena e emi iho ma mua o 1000V. No kekahi mau mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a koʻikoʻi paha nā lako uila, pono e loaʻa ke kolu o ka pae o ka pale, a hiki iā ia ke al no laila e pale i nā lako uila mai ka overvoltage transient i hana ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO ka pale hope loa e like me nā pono palekana o kāna voli hana. Inā hiki i nā pae ʻelua o ka pale uila ke hoʻopaʻa i ka volta i haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka pae voltage kūʻokoʻa o nā mea hana, pono ʻelua mau pae palekana. Inā he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka pale ʻana o nā mea hana , Pono paha e koi i ʻehā a ʻoi aku paha nā pae o ka pale. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kumu hana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea pale pale i ⒈ ʻano hoʻololi: ʻo kāna kumu hana ʻo ia ka wā ʻaʻohe overvoltage koke, hōʻike ia i kahi impedance kiʻekiʻe, akā i ka manawa e pane ai i ka overvoltage transient uila, hoʻololi koke kona impedance i kahi. waiwai haʻahaʻa, e ʻae ana i ka uila ʻO ka hala o kēia manawa. Ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ia mau mea, nā mea i loaʻa: discharge gap, gas discharge tube, thyristor, etc.⒉Voltage-limiting type: ʻO kāna kumu hana ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe inā ʻaʻohe overvoltage koke, akā me ka ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka piʻi ʻana o kēia manawa a me ka uila, e hoʻomau ka emi ʻana o kona impedance, a ʻo kāna mau hiʻohiʻona o kēia manawa-voltage ikaika loa ʻole. choke type shunt type: pili like me nā mea hana i pale ʻia, e hōʻike ana i kahi impedance haʻahaʻa i ka pulse uila, a hāʻawi i kahi impedance kiʻekiʻe i ka op maʻamau. erating frequency.Choke type: Ma ka moʻo me nā mea i pale ʻia, e hōʻike ana i ka impedance kiʻekiʻe i nā pulu uila, a hāʻawi i ka impedance haʻahaʻa i nā alapine hana maʻamau. ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ia mau mea: choke coils, high-pass filters, low-pass filters. , 1/4 mau hawewe pōkole pōkole, etc.

E like me ke kumu (1) Mana hoʻomalu: AC mana pale, DC mana pale, hoʻololi mana pale, etc.The AC mana uila uila module ua kūpono no ka mana o ka mana o ka mana haawi lumi, mana haawi cabinets, hoololi cabinets, AC a me Nā panela hoʻolaha mana DC, etc.; Aia nā pahu hāʻawi mana hoʻokomo waho i loko o ka hale, a me nā pahu hāʻawi mana papahele; Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea pale Surge no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (220/380VAC) nā mana hana ʻenehana a me nā mana kīwila; i nā ʻōnaehana mana, hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka mana mana ʻekolu a i ʻole ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka papa mana o ka lumi mana nui o ka lumi automation a me ka substation. ; Nā lako lako mana DC; ʻO ka pahu hoʻolaha mana DC; keena ʻōnaehana ʻike uila; puka puka o ka lua o ka mana lako lako.⑵Signal pale: haʻahaʻa-frequency pale pale, kiʻekiʻe-frequency pale pale, antenna feeder pale, a pela aku. ʻO ROUTER a me nā mea hana pūnaewele ʻē aʻe ka uila a me ka uila electromagnetic pulse i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka pale overvoltage; · Ka palekana hoʻololi o ka lumi pūnaewele; · Palekana kikowaena lumi pūnaewele; · lumi pūnaewele ʻē aʻe Ka pale ʻana i nā mea hana me ke kikowaena pūnaewele; · Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo 24-port i hoʻohui ʻia i ka pahu pale uila no ka pale kikowaena o nā kaha hōʻailona he nui i loko o nā keʻena kikowaena pūnaewele a me nā keʻena hoʻololi lālā. Nā mea hoʻomalu hōʻailona hōʻailona. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea pale uila hōʻailona wikiō no nā lako hōʻailona wikiō point-to-point. Hiki i ka pale synergy ke pale i nā ʻano mea hoʻoili wikiō a pau mai nā pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka uila uila a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka uila mai ka laina hoʻouna hōʻailona, ​​a pili pū nō hoʻi ia i ka hoʻouna ʻana RF ma lalo o ka volta hana like. ʻO ka uila wikiō multi-port i hoʻohui ʻia Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pahu pale no ka pale kikowaena o nā mea hoʻokele e like me ka hard disk video recorders a me nā ʻoki wikiō i loko o ke keʻena hoʻomalu hoʻohui.